As dementia progresses, mealtimes can become challenging for both the person and their caregiver. Many people with dementia experience changes in appetite, chewing, or swallowing that can lead to frustration during mealtimes. Simple strategies and extra encouragement can make eating safer and more enjoyable.
1. Serve small, frequent meal
For many people with dementia, traditional three meals a day can be challenging due to loss of appetite or difficulty swallowing. A helpful approach is to serve smaller, nutrient-dense meals 4–6 times a day. Try to choose foods that require little preparation but pack nutrition: soft fruits, yogurt, fortified milk, scrambled eggs or small sandwiches.
2. Incorporate favorite foods
While nutrient-dense meals are important, including favorite foods can encourage eating and make mealtimes more enjoyable, especially for those with a low appetite. Always serve familiar flavors and avoid introducing new or unfamiliar foods too often, as these can be confusing or off-putting for someone with dementia.
3. Offer finger foods
For people with dementia, especially those with reduced hand strength, finger foods can help maintain independence while eating. Foods such as sandwiches cut into small squares, fruit slices, vegetable sticks, bite-sized boneless chicken, and mini-sized pasties are easier to hold and eat without utensils. This allows individuals to eat more comfortably and confidently.
4. Regular eating routine
Setting the table in a familiar way may help, and using a favourite plate or cup can act as a prompt to encourage eating. If the person forgets to eat or has difficulty finding items in the kitchen, gentle reminders or prompts may be needed. It is also important to allow plenty of time for meals, as it may take an hour or more for the person to finish eating.
5. Monitor hydration
Establish a routine for drinking water by pairing it with daily activities such as after waking up, during snacks, when taking medications, and after toileting. Avoid caffeinated beverages and alcohol, as they can contribute to dehydration. Using straws or cups with lids may make drinking easier and help reduce spills. Incorporate foods with high water content into the diet, such as fruits, cucumbers, yoghurt, or jelly, to help increase fluid intake.
6. Opt for a high-protein diet
Lean protein is important for people with dementia to help maintain cognitive function, and reduce the risk of muscle wasting, frailty, and fall-related injuries. Aim to include good sources of protein in daily meals and snacks, such as eggs, fish, chicken, beans, or dairy products. Soft or easy-to-eat options like scrambled eggs, steamed fish, or tofu may be helpful if chewing or swallowing is difficult.